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Missouri was the only state north of the Mason-Dixon line where Slavery was permitted by law. Wilson's Creek National Battlefield, just southwest of Springfield, Missouri, remembers the first major Civil War engagement west of the Mississippi River, involving about 5,400 Union troops and 12,000 Confederates - August 10, 1861. Although a Confederate victory, the South failed to capitalize on its success. The battle led to greater federal military activity in Missouri with Union forces gaining undisputed control of Springfield and the city became a large military depot for the North. Four forts were built for the defense of the city.
Wilson's Creek saw the death of Nathaniel Lyon, the first Union general to be killed in combat. Wilson's Creek also set the stage for the Battle of Pea Ridge, Arkansas in March, 1862.